IN
India
India ranks between 2nd and 39th across the 45 technologies, by share of the 10% most cited papers, 2021–2025.
TechnologyRankIts neighbours in the rankingShare of the top 10%, from 2021 to 2025Its institution with the most credit
Post-quantum cryptography
2ndof 59
1stCN20.4%2ndIN12.5%3rdUS9.8%4thSA5.3%5thKR4.3%
Vellore Institute of Technology University1.6% of the top 10%
Supercapacitors
2ndof 86
1stCN46.3%2ndIN13.9%3rdKR7.3%4thSA3.6%5thPK3.4%
Shivaji University0.8% of the top 10%
Advanced chip manufacturing
2ndof 39
1stCN31.8%2ndIN16.6%3rdUS15.0%4thKR8.7%5thTW5.4%
National Institute of Technology Warangal3.2% of the top 10%
Cybersecurity
2ndof 104
1stCN14.8%2ndIN11.9%3rdSA8.4%4thUS7.6%5thGB3.8%
Vellore Institute of Technology University0.9% of the top 10%
Distributed ledgers
2ndof 103
1stCN20.6%2ndIN12.4%3rdUS6.7%4thGB4.8%5thSA4.3%
Vellore Institute of Technology University1.1% of the top 10%
Hypersonic flight
3rdof 28
1stCN65.9%2ndUS7.4%3rdIN6.0%4–7IT1.7%4–7KR1.7%
Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar1.2% of the top 10%
Additive manufacturing
3rdof 90
1stCN34.0%2ndUS11.3%3rdIN6.7%4thAU3.9%5thGB3.6%
Vellore Institute of Technology University0.5% of the top 10%
Hyperspectral imaging
3rdof 54
1stCN71.4%2ndUS4.2%3rdIN2.4%4thES1.9%5thFR1.7%
Vellore Institute of Technology University0.3% of the top 10%
New antibiotics and antivirals
3rdof 82
1stCN30.3%2ndUS15.3%3rdIN4.7%4thIT4.2%5–6BR2.8%
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati0.3% of the top 10%
Advanced aircraft engines
4thof 47
1stCN64.6%2ndUS4.9%3rdGB4.3%4thIN2.8%5–6TR2.0%5–6DE2.0%
Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology0.3% of the top 10%
Wide-bandgap semiconductors
4thof 56
1stCN40.8%2ndUS18.6%3rdJP5.3%4thIN4.3%5thKR2.9%6thIT2.5%
SR University0.5% of the top 10%
Gene editing
4thof 77
1stUS32.2%2ndCN27.4%3rdKR4.2%4thIN4.0%5thDE2.5%6thGB2.4%
Indian Agricultural Research Institute0.1% of the top 10%
Sonar and underwater acoustics
4thof 37
1stCN71.6%2ndUS4.1%3rdIT2.9%4thIN2.0%5–8CA1.6%5–8SA1.6%
Vellore Institute of Technology University0.8% of the top 10%
Magnets and superconductors
4thof 58
1stCN35.0%2ndUS14.2%3rdGB5.7%4thIN4.8%5–6DE4.6%5–6JP4.6%
Guru Nanak Dev University0.9% of the top 10%
Advanced composites
4thof 68
1stCN50.8%2ndUS6.0%3rdGB5.6%4thIN5.0%5thTR3.3%6thAU2.7%
Vellore Institute of Technology University0.4% of the top 10%
Critical minerals processing
4–5tied, of 58
1stCN43.0%3rdAU4.3%4–5CA2.9%4–5IN2.8%6thGB2.4%7–9DE1.9%
National Environmental Engineering Research Institute0.3% of the top 10%
Directed energy
5–6tied, of 213.0 papers of credit
1stCN57.5%3–4GB4.3%3–4US4.3%5–6IN3.3%5–6RU3.2%7–9KR2.2%
Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology1.0% of the top 10%
Hydrogen storage and ammonia fuel
5thof 68
1stCN44.5%2–3AU4.5%4thUS4.2%5thIN4.1%6thPK3.9%7thGB3.0%
Banaras Hindu University0.5% of the top 10%
Drones and swarming
6–7tied, of 81
1stCN52.2%4thKR3.7%5thCA2.6%6–7IN2.1%6–7SA2.1%8thAU1.9%
National Institute of Technology Patna0.1% of the top 10%
Perovskite solar cells
5–6tied, of 76
1stCN53.9%4thHK4.0%5–6DE3.9%5–6IN3.9%7thGB2.3%8–9SA2.1%
Chitkara University0.4% of the top 10%
Hydrogen by electrolysis
6thof 83
1stCN53.0%4thAU3.8%5thDE3.7%6thIN2.5%7thGB2.3%8thSA1.7%
Saveetha University0.2% of the top 10%
AI chips
6thof 46
1stCN46.2%4–5SG3.4%4–5DE3.3%6thIN2.3%7thHK2.2%8–9CH1.9%
Shivaji University0.2% of the top 10%
Metamaterials
6thof 73
1stCN55.5%4–5SG2.6%4–5AU2.6%6thIN2.5%7thHK2.0%8thGB1.9%
Marwadi University0.6% of the top 10%
Synthetic biology
6thof 55
1stCN45.7%4thDE4.7%5thGB3.9%6thIN3.5%7thDK2.5%8thES1.5%
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur0.6% of the top 10%
Large language models
7thof 96
1stCN27.4%5–6KR2.3%5–6AU2.3%7thIN2.2%8–9HK2.1%8–9IT2.1%
Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham0.1% of the top 10%
Autonomous underwater vehicles
7thof 44
1stCN71.7%4–6KR1.6%4–6IR1.5%7thIN1.4%8–13CA1.0%8–13JP0.9%
National Institute of Technology Rourkela0.3% of the top 10%
Space launch
6–7tied, of 18
1stCN34.8%4–5DE6.8%6–7FR5.4%6–7IN5.2%8–9PL3.0%8–9JP2.9%
Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat1.0% of the top 10%
Radar
7–9tied, of 413.8 papers of credit
1stCN77.0%5–6KR2.2%5–6DE2.1%7–9IN0.6%7–9SG0.6%7–9AU0.5%
Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi0.2% of the top 10%
Optical communication
7thof 54
1stCN38.8%5–6DE3.2%5–6JP3.1%7thIN2.4%8thEG2.0%9thFR1.8%
Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani0.4% of the top 10%
6G and advanced wireless
7thof 80
1stCN39.9%5thSG3.2%6thKR3.0%7thIN2.5%8thSA2.3%9–10HK2.2%
Bennett University0.1% of the top 10%
Quantum communication
6–8tied, of 57
1stCN28.9%6–8ES3.3%6–8AT3.2%6–8IN3.1%9–10FR2.5%9–10NL2.5%
Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani0.3% of the top 10%
Nuclear fission power
8thof 64
1stCN43.3%6–7FR2.1%6–7CA2.1%8thIN1.8%9thDE1.6%10thIT1.4%
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre0.8% of the top 10%
Electric batteries
9thof 89
1stCN68.0%7thCA1.7%8thHK1.5%9thIN1.3%10thSG0.8%11–13JP0.5%
Vellore Institute of Technology University0.1% of the top 10%
High-performance computing
9thof 45
1stUS36.3%7–8GB2.8%7–8CH2.8%9thIN2.4%10thBR2.0%11–13KR1.4%
Indian Institute of Science Bangalore0.4% of the top 10%
mRNA vaccines and therapeutics
12–13tied, of 70
1stUS38.7%10–11IT1.8%10–11NL1.8%12–13IN1.6%12–13SE1.5%14–15SG1.1%
Chitkara University0.1% of the top 10%
Inertial navigation
12–15tied, of 402.6 papers of credit
1stCN64.0%7–10IT1.6%11thIR1.3%12–15IN0.8%12–15ES0.8%12–15TR0.7%
Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani0.2% of the top 10%
Electronic warfare
4–19tied, of 230.8 papers of credit
1stCN81.0%4–19SG0.8%4–19IT0.8%4–19IN0.7%4–19AE0.5%4–19AU0.5%
Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology0.6% of the top 10%
Quantum computing
13thof 71
1stUS34.9%11thFR2.4%12thAT2.2%13thIN2.1%14thES1.9%15thKR1.1%
Vellore Institute of Technology University0.3% of the top 10%
Genome sequencing
13–14tied, of 59
1stUS33.6%10–12BE1.3%10–12HK1.3%13–14IN1.2%13–14JP1.1%15–18DK1.0%
Dayalbagh Educational Institute0.2% of the top 10%
Nuclear fusion
15–16tied, of 50
1stUS27.5%13thNL0.9%14thCZ0.7%15–16IN0.6%15–16FI0.5%17–19DK0.5%
Institute for Plasma Research0.3% of the top 10%
Advanced robotics
18–25tied, of 544.4 papers of credit
1stCN31.5%16–17PT0.8%16–17MO0.7%18–25IN0.6%18–25BE0.6%18–25FI0.6%
National Institute of Technology Warangal0.1% of the top 10%
Quantum sensors
17–21tied, of 483.4 papers of credit
1stCN22.5%17–21HU0.9%17–21DK0.8%17–21IN0.8%17–21PL0.8%22–25CZ0.5%
Ganpat University0.2% of the top 10%
Satellite navigation
19–21tied, of 454.5 papers of credit
1stCN56.1%17–18SI0.7%19–21BE0.7%19–21IN0.6%19–21SG0.6%22–27AT0.5%
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada0.1% of the top 10%
Small satellites
24–39tied, of 471.0 papers of credit
1stUS13.7%24–39GR0.9%24–39BW0.8%24–39IN0.8%24–39QA0.8%24–39AR0.8%
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi0.8% of the top 10%
Atomic clocks
Not ranked
No credit in the top 10%.
Neighbours are the countries ranked just above and below. Ranks are shown as a range where shares are equal to one decimal place. Source: OpenAlex, pulled 18 October 2026. Method
Where India is in the top three
PilotEach paper sorted into one sub-area by an AI model reading its title and abstract, then credited as usual. On 200 hand-labelled papers it chose the same sub-area, or a defensible second, 92% of the time. Shown where the sub-area has at least 30 papers in the top 10% and the country at least five papers of credit.
- 1stTransistor architectures (FinFET, nanosheet, gate-all-around)Advanced chip manufacturing, 74 papers50.9%
- 1stHexaferrite magnetsMagnets and superconductors, 44 papers39.8%
- 1stCompact modelling and device simulation (incl. machine learning)Advanced chip manufacturing, 36 papers36.3%
- 1stHealthcare and medical dataDistributed ledgers, 276 papers25.4%
- 1stPost-quantum blockchain and distributed ledgersPost-quantum cryptography, 53 papers20.1%
- 1stStandardisation, migration and surveysPost-quantum cryptography, 48 papers16.1%
- 1stIntrusion detection for IoT and industrial IoTCybersecurity, 708 papers15.7%
- 1stSupply chain and traceabilityDistributed ledgers, 269 papers11.9%
- 2ndQuantum-safe authentication protocols (IoT, vehicles, health)Post-quantum cryptography, 60 papers; behind China 23.4%23.1%
- 2ndConducting-polymer electrodesSupercapacitors, 139 papers; behind China 31.3%22.1%
- 2ndMechanisms, electrolytes, modelling and general reviewsSupercapacitors, 232 papers; behind China 30.7%21.7%
- 2ndMetal oxide and hydroxide electrodesSupercapacitors, 500 papers; behind China 38.3%21.0%
- 2ndGraphene and carbon-nanotube electrodesSupercapacitors, 141 papers; behind China 32.2%19.6%
- 2ndLead-free and inorganic perovskites (incl. device simulation)Perovskite solar cells, 240 papers; behind China 26.2%17.3%
- 2ndNetwork intrusion detection methods and datasetsCybersecurity, 757 papers; behind China 15.9%15.9%
- 2ndMetal-organic and covalent-organic framework materialsSupercapacitors, 207 papers; behind China 43.4%15.2%
- 2ndIoT security, authentication and access controlDistributed ledgers, 230 papers; behind China 18.6%15.1%
- 2ndGeneral reviews, industrial adoption and sustainabilityAdditive manufacturing, 476 papers; behind China 15.3%14.7%
- 2ndMetal sulfide, phosphide, nitride and other compound electrodesSupercapacitors, 286 papers; behind China 40.6%14.0%
- 2ndScramjet and detonation engine combustionHypersonic flight, 116 papers; behind China 60.3%13.6%
- 2ndMXene-based electrodesSupercapacitors, 326 papers; behind China 44.3%13.1%
- 2ndEnergy trading, smart cities and agricultureDistributed ledgers, 203 papers; behind China 20.1%12.6%
- 2ndMetamaterial sensors (terahertz and optical)Metamaterials, 287 papers; behind China 46.9%11.7%
- 2ndMalware and software-vulnerability detectionCybersecurity, 418 papers; behind China 17.6%10.5%
- 2ndCivil applications (agriculture, search and rescue, disasters)Drones and swarming, 64 papers; behind China 28.9%9.5%
- 2ndPorous and biomass-derived carbon electrodesSupercapacitors, 481 papers; behind China 61.1%7.9%
- 2ndConsensus, scalability, sharding and interoperabilityDistributed ledgers, 169 papers; behind China 38.4%7.8%
- 2ndFederated and privacy-preserving intrusion detectionCybersecurity, 181 papers; behind China 25.7%7.1%
- 2ndUltraviolet photodetectors (gallium oxide, AlGaN)Wide-bandgap semiconductors, 108 papers; behind China 72.3%6.7%
- 2ndFibre-matrix interfaces and surface treatmentAdvanced composites, 134 papers; behind China 62.6%6.5%
- 2ndElectromagnetic wave absorbersMetamaterials, 249 papers; behind China 69.3%5.1%
- 2ndHyperspectral image classificationHyperspectral imaging, 279 papers; behind China 71.3%3.7%
- 3rdPlant, crop and agricultural genome editingGene editing, 212 papers; behind China 29.6% and United States 18.4%11.8%
- 3rdPolymer extrusion printing and fibre-reinforced polymer compositesAdditive manufacturing, 629 papers; behind China 15.3% and United States 9.2%9.1%
- 3rdVehicle and transport network securityCybersecurity, 155 papers; behind China 19.4% and South Korea 11.4%8.9%
- 3rdSmart grid, industrial control and cyber-physical securityCybersecurity, 333 papers; behind China 17.0% and United States 12.2%8.7%
- 3rdGallium nitride RF transistors and power amplifiersWide-bandgap semiconductors, 77 papers; behind China 27.8% and United States 26.4%8.3%
- 3rdGeneral reviews and regulationGene editing, 121 papers; behind China 25.5% and United States 14.4%7.9%
- 3rdGallium nitride power transistors and devicesWide-bandgap semiconductors, 86 papers; behind China 27.9% and United States 26.6%7.5%
- 3rdBiomedical, dental, pharmaceutical and food printingAdditive manufacturing, 279 papers; behind China 23.9% and United States 9.0%7.4%
- 3rdTerahertz and millimetre-wave communication6G and advanced wireless, 81 papers; behind China 30.3% and United States 11.0%7.3%
- 3rdTitanium alloysAdditive manufacturing, 211 papers; behind China 49.2% and Australia 9.2%6.7%
- 3rdNickel superalloysAdditive manufacturing, 232 papers; behind China 52.2% and United States 8.2%6.4%
- 3rdHybrid and metal-ion capacitors (incl. zinc-ion)Supercapacitors, 208 papers; behind China 60.2% and South Korea 11.9%6.3%
- 3rdAmino acids, bulk chemicals, biofuels and plastic upcyclingSynthetic biology, 98 papers; behind China 60.6% and United States 10.1%6.2%
- 3rdThreat surveys, AI for security and organisational resilienceCybersecurity, 317 papers; behind United States 14.8% and Saudi Arabia 8.0%5.9%
- 3rdChatGPT overviews, education and societal impactLarge language models, 298 papers; behind United States 18.1% and China 9.9%5.7%
- 3rdAntimicrobial peptidesNew antibiotics and antivirals, 315 papers; behind China 36.8% and United States 7.7%5.7%
- 3rdMetasurface antennas, beamforming and radar cross-sectionMetamaterials, 139 papers; behind China 47.0% and Singapore 5.7%5.1%
- 3rdGallium oxide transistors and power diodesWide-bandgap semiconductors, 144 papers; behind China 43.1% and United States 19.7%5.0%
- 3rdBifunctional catalysts for overall water splittingHydrogen by electrolysis, 187 papers; behind China 71.6% and South Korea 11.0%4.9%
- 3rdMechanical properties, damage and failure modellingAdvanced composites, 200 papers; behind China 51.4% and United Kingdom 9.0%4.9%
- 3rdSteels, aluminium, high-entropy and other metal alloysAdditive manufacturing, 818 papers; behind China 50.6% and United States 8.8%4.8%
- 3rdAI and computational drug discovery (incl. docking)New antibiotics and antivirals, 144 papers; behind China 29.0% and United States 19.3%4.0%
- 3rdFine-tuning, prompting and reasoning methodsLarge language models, 308 papers; behind China 33.0% and United States 19.6%3.2%